Italy

Petty crime

Petty crime is common, particularly in the summer and autumn tourist seasons. It includes bag snatching, pick-pocketing, passport theft and theft from cars.

Thieves are most active:

• in larger cities
• in and around major tourist spots
• on public transport
• at major airports
• at railway stations and bus terminals
• at beaches (including cars parked near beaches)
• at hotel reception areas 

To reduce the risk of theft:

• take care of your belongings
• remain alert in tourist spots
• avoid walking in quiet and poorly lit streets, especially at night

Monitor local sources for advice about new safety or security risks.

Theft on trains

Theft is common on trains, including to and from Fiumicino airport near Rome and on overnight journeys.

Thieves often work in groups to distract victims and rob them while they're not looking.

On trains, they do this by:

• asking for directions while a train is stopped at a station
• dropping attractive items on the floor of the train
• blocking the view of overhead luggage racks
• throwing rubbish or sauce at the victim

Often, a member of the group will pretend to come to help the victim while others steal their valuables.

Check the Italian Public Security System site Polizia Di Stato for advice on how to avoid theft on trains.

Fraud and fake money

Credit card and ATM fraud happens, often involving 'skimming' machines. Monitor your bank statements.

To protect yourself from fraud:

• use ATMs in secure places, such as banks, shops and shopping centres
• keep your ATM and credit cards in sight

Police have warned that counterfeit European currency is in circulation. Check any notes you receive.

Spiking, robbery and assault

Tourists have been robbed and assaulted after consuming spiked food or drinks. This has happened in cities and towns, including Rome, Milan, Florence and Naples.

Some victims have been sexually assaulted or needed hospitalisation.

In Rome, many incidents have taken place:

• around Termini station
• in tourist areas, such as the Colosseum
• in bars and restaurants in the city centre 

In Milan, such attacks happen in bars, nightclubs and other late-night venues.

In Florence and Naples, these attacks happen mainly near train stations and in bars and cafes in the city centres.

To protect yourself from drink spiking:

• never accept drinks from strangers
• don't leave food or drinks unattended
• stick with people you trust in bars and nightclubs

More information:

• Partying safely

Theft from cars

Vehicle break-in and theft is common. Many Australians have had belongings, including passports and other valuables, stolen from their parked cars.

Thieves steal from cars at traffic lights, rest stops, service stations and on the roadside.

Lock your car doors and keep luggage and valuables out of sight.

There are reports of thieves slashing tyres or staging roadside emergencies. They aim to persuade drivers to pull over and get out of their cars. While the driver is distracted, the thieves steal personal belongings.

Popular targets for thieves are unattended campervans or mobile homes either:

• parked at camping sites
• in the streets near historic sites

To reduce your risk of theft from your vehicle:

• don't leave valuables in your vehicle
• when you leave your vehicle, lock all doors
• try to use a secure parking facility, especially overnight

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you're connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or Bluetooth. 

Commenting on local or political events on social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, including commenting on laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. 

More information:  

• Cyber security when travelling overseas 

Protests

Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can turn violent and spark violent unrest, demonstrations and riots.

To protect yourself from violence and unrest:

• avoid crowds and protests if you can
• monitor local media for possible unrest
• follow the advice of local authorities

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Strikes

Strikes are common.

They can cause building closures, particularly in tourist areas. They can also disrupt public transport, including air, shipping, train, bus, tram and taxi services.

Strikes may involve roadblocks and petrol station closures and can cause transport delays and cancellations.

Trenitalia (Italian) gives details on train disruptions. Call 89 20 21 in Italy or +39 0668745475 from outside Italy.

To avoid transport delays or missing flights:

• confirm flights or travel with your travel provider
• allow plenty of time for travel to airports and train stations

Political-based violence

Some violence occurs due to domestic social or political issues.

Bombings have occurred. Bombers have targeted:

• Italian police
• the offices of well-known politicians
• government institutions
• public and commercial buildings

Terrorist attacks could occur anywhere and at any time. Be alert to possible threats, especially in public places. Terrorists may target tourist areas or other places frequented by foreigners and where large crowds may gather.

Possible targets include:

• places of worship or religious holidays
• hotels, clubs, restaurants and cafes
• markets and shopping malls
• outdoor recreation events, including festivals, concerts, and sporting venues
• public transport, airports and railway hubs

To stay safe:

• report suspicious activities or items to the police
• check the media for new threats
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the instructions of local authorities

If there’s an attack, leave the area as soon as it's safe to do so.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

More information:

• Terrorism

Italy experiences natural disasters and severe weather.

In the event of a natural disaster:

• take official warnings seriously
• follow the advice of local authorities
• monitor the media
• keep in touch with friends and family
• check the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System for updates

Forest fires

Forest fires often occur during summer, usually from June to September. They tend to happen in heavily forested regions. Wildfires can reach major towns during extreme conditions. 

Forest fires can be unpredictable and dangerous. They can affect air quality in a way that harms your health.

Monitor the media for updates and follow the advice of local authorities. Visit the Italian Civil Protection Authority website for more information.

Storms and flooding

Heavy winter rains often cause widespread flooding and mudslides.

The areas most often affected are:

• the Veneto, Piedmont and Liguria regions in the north
• the Calabria and Sicily regions in the south

Flooding and mudslides can result in loss of life, destruction of property and evacuation of inhabitants.

Earthquakes

Italy is in an active seismic region and has several earthquakes each year.

Large earthquakes can cause landslides and avalanches. This can result in injuries, death and damage to infrastructure, homes and property.

When travelling in Italy, find out your hotel's earthquake procedure.

If there's been seismic activity in the area you're in or going to, check with your airline or travel provider about disruptions.

More information:

• earthquaketrack.com
• Civil Protection authority
• European Avalanche Warning Service

Volcanoes

Italy has active volcanoes. These include:

• Mount Etna in Sicily
• Mount Stromboli and Mount Vulcano in the Aeolian Islands chain north of Sicily

Volcanic activity can cause travel disruptions, including temporary airport closures. 

Fatalities have occurred from volcanic eruptions.

Get comprehensive travel insurance before you leave.

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

Confirm:

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition.

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least eight weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

More information:

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips (Healthdirect Australia)

Not all medications available over the counter or by prescription in Australia are available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Italy. Take enough legal medication for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use

More information:

• Medication

Measles

Italy has experienced outbreaks of measles (World Health Organization). Make sure your vaccinations are up to date before you travel.

More information:

• Measles immunisation service

Insect-borne diseases

West Nile virus (WNV) (World Health Organization) cases have been reported. There's no vaccine for it.

To reduce your risk of insect-borne disease:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

Medical facilities

Medical facilities in major cities are of good standard. In regional areas, facilities may be limited.

Reciprocal Health Care Agreement

There's a Reciprocal Health Care Agreement between Australia and Italy.

Under this agreement, you can get care in Italian public medical facilities if:

• you have a sudden acute illness or accident
• your illness or accident happens in your first six months in Italy

To access care under this agreement, you must provide your Medicare card and Australian passport.

The Reciprocal Health Care Agreement doesn't replace the need for private travel health insurance.

It also doesn't cover treatment for ongoing health conditions you already had when you arrived.

Private medical care

Private doctors, specialists and diagnostic services will ask you to pay up-front.

Private hospitals generally require a large deposit before they will start treatment.

You're subject to local laws and penalties, including those that appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling, especially for an extended stay.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter. But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

De facto relationships

Italy doesn't recognise any form of de facto relationship. If a person dies while in Italy, local authorities may not formally recognise their de facto partner as next-of-kin.

Drugs

Penalties for drug offences are severe and can include long jail sentences.

More information:

• Carrying or using drugs

Conduct at tourist spots

Pay attention to signs about conduct around tourist areas in major cities, including Rome and Florence.

Officials may fine you for littering, sitting, eating or drinking on steps and courtyards around churches and public buildings or in public spaces in these cities.

Alcohol laws

Some cities, including Rome, have banned:

• organised pub crawls
• drinking on the street
• drinking in public places

Police have arrested Australians for disturbing the peace under these laws.

Other laws

It's illegal to:

• block the pedestrian flow in public spaces
• drive without headlights on main roads outside urban areas or on highways - see Local travel
• buy fake brands and products from illegal street vendors
• litter

If you want to take a photo of an official building or military area, check with local authorities first.

The owner will ask you for a photo ID if you use an internet cafe. The law requires them to sight and keep an electronic record of their clients' photo ID.

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

More information:

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

Dual nationality is recognised in Italy.

More information:

• Dual nationals

Italy is part of the Schengen area, along with many other European countries, which means you can enter Italy without a visa in some cases.

If, for unexpected reasons, you can't return to Australia or leave Italy before your visa-free limit expires, contact the nearest local immigration office ('questura’) in Italy.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the nearest Italian embassy or consulate for details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.

Border with Slovenia

Temporary border checks have been introduced at Italy's borders with Slovenia. Allow extra time when crossing the land border between Italy and Slovenia and be ready to show your passport or residency card if you're asked to do so by the border police. Checks may also involve vehicle inspections.

The new European Entry/Exit System (EES) for all non-EU nationals, including Australians, travelling in or out of the Schengen Area has been delayed until 2025. A specific start date hasn't been announced.

The EES is a digital border system that registers non-EU visitors travelling into the Schengen Area. When entering the Schengen Area, you'll need to have your fingerprints and photo taken. This creates a digital record that registers your biometric details. Passports will no longer be stamped.

You'll need to do this on your first visit to the EU after the EES is introduced.​ If you visit the Schengen Area again within 3 years of creating your digital record, you'll only need to provide either your fingerprint or photograph at the border on entry and exit.

This process should only take a few minutes per person, however you may experience longer queues at borders when the new system starts.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the nearest Italian embassy or consulate for details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.

Validity

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for six months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than six months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport.

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service.
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate.

Passport with 'X' gender identifier 

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can't guarantee that a passport showing an 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers. 

More information:  

• LGBTQIA+ travellers 

The official currency of Italy is the euro (EUR).

You must declare amounts over 10,000 euro or equivalent if you're travelling between Italy and any non-European Union (EU) country, including all forms of currency, not just cash.

You don't need to declare cash if you're travelling to or from another EU country.

You'll be fined if you don't declare currency or give incorrect information on entry or exit.

ATMs are widely available across the country. Hotels, restaurants and shops accept international credit cards.

Tourist Tax

Several cities in Italy impose a 'tourist tax' per person for each night of stay. You pay this directly to your accommodation provider, and it's often requested as a cash payment. 

You may also need to pay an access fee to visit Venice on a day trip from 25 April onwards. 

More information:

• Venice access fee

Driving permit

If you're not a resident, you'll need both:

• an Australian driver's licence
• an International Drivers Permit (IDP) or an official translation of the Australian licence licence (digital driver’s licences may not be accepted)

You must get your IDP before leaving Australia.

You must get an official translator (traduttore giurato) to translate your licence in Italy. Find a list of official translators in the Italian Yellow Pages.

If you take up legal residence (residenza) and stay more than 1 year, you must apply for an Italian licence. Italy doesn't allow you to convert your Australian licence, meaning you'll have to take written and driving exams in Italian. You can do the exam in German or French in some cases.

Contact an Italian embassy or consulate to find out about obtaining an Italian driver's licence.

Road travel

Driving can be dangerous. Driving conditions are disorganised compared to Australia.

By law, you must use headlights on main roads outside urban areas and highways, including during the day.

On-the-spot fines apply for some minor traffic offences.

Many municipalities have outsourced traffic fine collection to European Municipal Outsourcing (EMO).

More information:

• Driving or riding

Traffic restricted zones

Limits on car access to the city centres exist to help reduce traffic. They are traffic-restricted zones (ZTL). Be aware that:

• ZTLs and their hours of operation vary from city to city
• fines apply if cars don't carry a ZTL pass in a ZTL zone
• hire cars usually don't have a ZTL pass

If you're staying in the centre of an Italian city, ask your hotel or host about traffic restrictions. You can also check the website of the relevant municipality (comune) before you arrive.

Driving in summer and winter

You must use snow tyres or chains in some mountainous regions or areas where snow is common.

Road signs will indicate if they are mandatory.

Authorities may fine you if you don't have the right snow gear for your car.

In summer, only residents can take their cars to the islands of Capri, Ischia and Procida.

Travel by foot

Italy has regular pedestrian fatalities. Drivers often fail to give way to pedestrians, even though they have to under Italian law.

Take care when crossing roads, even at pedestrian crossings.

Motorcycles

Check whether your insurance covers you when using a motorbike, quad bike, or similar vehicle.

Always wear a helmet.

Taxis

Only travel in licensed taxis with signage, roof lights and meters.

Unauthorised taxis don't carry meters and overcharge.

Public transport

There are frequent strikes that cause delays and cancellations to public transport services (see Safety)

Pre-paid tickets are available from tobacconists or coffee shops that display the public transport company's logo/name. They are also sometimes available for purchase through a smartphone app. 

You'll find ticket machines at every metro and major train station. 

In some cities, you may purchase a ticket using contactless card payment immediately upon boarding a bus. 

When catching public transport, validate your ticket:

• before boarding a train or a metro
• on board a bus or tram as soon as you get on

If you don't, you could get an on-the-spot fine.

More information:

• Transport and getting around safely

Air travel

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check Italy's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network. 

More information:

• Air travel

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider
• employer
• airline

Fire and rescue services

Call 112 or 115.

Medical emergencies

Call 112 or 118.

Police

Call 112 or 113.

European Emergency number

Call 112.

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

For consular help, contact:

Australian Embassy Rome

Via Antonio Bosio 5

00161 Rome, Italy 

Phone: +39 06 85 2721

Email: consular-rome@dfat.gov.au

Website: italy.embassy.gov.au

Facebook: Australian Embassy, Italy 

X: @AusAmbRome

Australian Consulate-General Milan

3rd Floor

Via Borgogna 2

20122 Milan, Italy 

Phone: +39 02 7767 4200

Email: consular-milan@austrade.gov.au

Website: www.austrade.gov.au/en/contact-us/international-offices/italy

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia