Peru

Violent crime

Violent crime is common in Peru, including in the cities of:

• Lima
• Cusco
• Arequipa

Violent crimes include:

• sexual assault
• armed robbery and muggings
• carjackings

You could encounter: 

• armed robbery and assault on Amazon River boats
• theft as you sleep on intercity bus routes between Lima, Ica, Nazca and Cusco
• assault and robbery at gunpoint on intercity buses
• bogus roadblocks or checkpoints on roads outside major cities after dark

If you're sexually assaulted and decide to report it to the police, do it as soon as you can. You can expect to be examined to obtain forensic evidence as part of the investigation. If you delay reporting, you may experience more scrutiny by local authorities and some evidence may be lost.

Taxis

Travellers using unlicensed taxis have been victims of robbery, assault and rape.

Use a phone dispatch service or taxi service app to book a licensed taxi. Ask for help from staff at hotels, hostels, restaurants or entertainment venues. Be careful and pay attention to suspicious behaviour, even when taking transport booked via apps. If possible, avoid taking taxis or ride-shares by yourself. 

Intercity buses

Robberies and assaults occur frequently on intercity buses, including while passengers are sleeping. Avoid placing personal belongings on overhead racks, under your seats or out of your sight. Ensure that your belongings, including your passport, other travel documents and valuable items, are secure at all times. Use only reputable bus companies.

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, is common. Thieves are often well dressed.

Criminals target people walking alone after dark, especially leaving bars or nightclubs.

Thieves frequently target mobile phones. Be aware of your surroundings before using your mobile phone in public spaces and be discreet while using it. Avoid using your phone curb-side on the street, as you may be targeted by snatch-and-grab thieves on motorcycles.

Hotspots for thieves include:

• public areas
• hotels
• conference centres
• restaurants

Smash-and-grab attacks are common in various locations around Lima and other cities. Thieves snatch items from cars stopped at traffic lights. 

If you plan to go on a cruise, check the company has adequate security before booking.

Personal security

Travellers in Peru can be victims of:

• food or drink spiking, followed by robbery or assault
• 'express kidnappings', where kidnappers force victims to withdraw money from ATMs before releasing them

To protect yourself from crime:

• don't accept drinks, food, gum or cigarettes from strangers or people you have just met
• don't leave food or drink unattended
• exchange money in banks, exchange bureaus or in your hotel
• use ATMs in banks, shopping centres or hotels where possible

Ayahuasca tourism

Ayahuasca tourism is a growing industry in the jungle regions. Shamans perform psychedelic rituals of spiritual cleansing.

Ayahuasca is not illegal, but some participants have been assaulted, including sexual assault, and robbed.

Ceremonies often take place in remote areas with no access to medical or mental health resources and limited communication with local authorities.

Most facilities lack basic first aid or emergency plans for people who suffer physical or mental effects after ceremonies. Participants report symptoms from being more alert but out of control through to amnesia. Several tourists have died after consuming the hallucinogenic substances in these ceremonies.

If you decide to take part in ayahuasca tourism:

• research potential ayahuasca tour operators before signing up
• avoid participating in ayahuasca rituals without a trusted friend present

Border areas

Travel to the region within 20km of the border with Colombia is dangerous.

Armed guerrilla forces from Colombia sometimes enter Peru's remote areas.

Drug traffickers operate in:

• the border area between Peru and Colombia
• the valley of the Apurímac, Ene and Mantaro rivers (VRAEM region)

Take additional precautions in these areas. 

Reconsider your need to travel to the Valley of the Apurimac, Ene and Mantaro rivers (VRAEM). Cocaine production and trafficking occurs in the VRAEM. Travel is particularly dangerous in areas where there is coca cultivation and processing.

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you’re connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth.

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media.

More information:

• Cyber security when travelling overseas

Be alert to the potential risks around drink spiking and methanol poisoning through consuming alcoholic drinks.

Get urgent medical attention if you think you or someone else has been drugged.

Methanol can be used in unregulated alcohol production to lower costs. Methanol is highly toxic. As little as one shot can be fatal. Act quickly if you suspect you or someone you're travelling with has been poisoned. Urgent medical attention could save your life or save you from permanent disability. Report suspected cases of methanol poisoning to the police.

• be careful drinking cocktails and drinks made with spirits
• drink only at reputable licensed premises
• avoid home-made alcoholic drinks
• Labels on bottles aren't always accurate.

More information:

• Partying safely while overseas

Kidnapping occurs across the world with political, ideological, and criminal motives. Foreigners, including Australians, have been kidnapped overseas whilst travelling. Kidnaps can happen anywhere, anytime, including in destinations that are typically at lower risk.  

Kidnapping in Peru occurs and is primarily perpetrated by criminal groups. Express kidnapping is relatively common, particularly in urban areas. A large proportion of the incidents take place in Lima. Tourists travelling alone are particularly at risk.

If, despite our advice, you travel to an area with a high risk of kidnapping, our ability to provide consular assistance in these destinations will be limited.  

To reduce the risk of kidnapping:  

• always be alert to your personal security and surroundings  
• get professional security advice for travel in locations with a heightened kidnap risk  
• check your accommodation has appropriate security measures  
• avoid isolated locations, particularly when travelling alone  
• notify family or friends of planned travel and share your location   
• avoid talking about your money or business affairs  
• use ATMs in public places and during daylight hours  
• avoid giving personal details to strangers online or over the phone  

The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers. Ransom payments to kidnappers have funded further terrorist attacks and criminal activity. Paying a ransom to terrorist groups will likely break Australian counter-terrorism financing laws.  

More information:  

• Kidnapping

Demonstrations and protests occur frequently in Peru. These can cause some disruption to travel services throughout the country and sometimes turn violent. These include airport and land border closures, railways, roads and river blockades. In Lima, the historic centre is often the site of demonstrations. 

States of emergency may be implemented in response to civil unrest, allowing the armed forces to support the police in maintaining law and order. Some civil rights could be suspended. For information on states of emergency, visit the legal gazette El Peruano official newspaper (in Spanish).

If you plan to travel by road, research your planned route carefully, including regularly checking the official list of road closures (in Spanish), and take precautions to ensure your safety. 

National or regional strikes can be called at short notice, further disrupting domestic air travel, public transport and road networks.

To protect yourself during periods of unrest:

• monitor the media for updates
• avoid areas affected by demonstrations and protests
• follow the advice of local authorities
• contact your airline or tour operator to confirm arrangements before you travel

If you're near a demonstration, leave if it's safe to do so. It's illegal for foreigners in Peru to participate in political activities, including demonstrations against the government. You may face detention or deportation if you take part in a demonstration. 

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Members of a local terrorist group may still be in isolated areas throughout Peru, especially in the Central and Southern Highlands, this includes the Valley of the Apurimac, Ene and Mantaro rivers (VRAEM) where drug traffickers operate.

Take care if you travel to:

• San Martin
• Huanuco
• Pasco
• Junin
• Ucayali
• Huancavelica
• Ayacucho
• Apurimac

These places may harbour members of the Shining Path terrorist movement, and incidents of domestic terrorism have occurred in the region. 

To protect yourself from terrorism:

• be alert to possible threats, especially in the Southern Highlands
• monitor the media for updates
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the advice of local authorities
• report any suspicious activity or items to the police

If there's an attack, leave the area as soon as it's safe. Avoid areas affected in case of secondary attacks.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

More information:

• Terrorism

Australians have died from injuries sustained in adventure travel accidents in Peru.

Ziplining, rafting, diving, sand-dune buggy-riding and other adventure tour operators are not always regulated and don't always follow safety and maintenance standards.

The Inca Trail closes in February each year for maintenance. Some companies will still operate.

Heavy rainfall can make parts of the trail impassable and dangerous.

If you plan to do an adventure activity:

• check if your travel insurance policy covers it
• ask about and insist on minimum safety requirements
• always use available safety gear, such as life jackets or seatbelts

If proper safety equipment isn't available, use another provider.

To reduce your risks:

• seek advice from local authorities
• adjust your plans if the weather makes conditions unsafe
• monitor weather conditions
• use an experienced guide on the Inca Trail or other treks

Tourism assistance or complaints

Contact your provider with any complaints about tourist services or products.

Phone iPeru: +51 1 574-8000 (tourist assistance service with English-speaking personnel)

Peru can experience natural disasters and severe weather, such as:

• flooding
• landslides
• earthquakes
• tsunamis
• volcanic eruptions
• bushfires

To protect yourself if a natural disaster is approaching:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• monitor local media and other sources
• follow the advice of local authorities
• keep in contact with friends and family
• contact your tour operator or airline

More information:

• Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System

Flooding and landslides

Peru has a variety of climates. The rainy season is from November to May. Flooding and landslides are common in the Andes during this period. Rail, road and air services may be disrupted.

Heavy rain can cause flooding and landslides especially in the Andes mountain range, affecting tourist areas like:

• Machu Picchu
• the Inca Trail
• Aguas Calientes (Machu Picchu town)

This can result in travel delays.

Earthquakes and tsunamis

Peru is in an active earthquake zone. Earthquakes and tsunamis can occur.

A tsunami can arrive very soon after a nearby tremor or earthquake.

Be alert to warnings. 

If you're near the coast, move immediately to high ground if advised by local authorities or if you:

• feel a strong earthquake that makes it hard to stand up
• feel a weak, rolling earthquake that lasts a minute or more
• see a sudden rise or fall in sea level
• hear loud and unusual noises from the sea

Don't wait for official warnings, such as alarms or sirens. Once on high ground, monitor local media.

More information:

• U.S Tsunami Warning Centers (United States government)
• Geophysical Institute of Peru (in Spanish)
• Hydrography and Navigation Directorate of Peru (in Spanish)

Volcanoes

Several volcanoes in southern Peru are active. Ubinas volcano in the Moquegua region and Sabancaya volcano in the Arequipa region have erupted multiple times.

Eruptions can occur at any time and without warning.

Exposure to volcanic ash, dust and toxic fumes can harm your health, especially if you have existing respiratory problems.

To protect yourself if there's an eruption:

• stay inside with windows and doors shut
• put damp towels at door thresholds and other draft sources if ash is falling
• monitor local media for advice on possible risks

If you need to go outside, avoid contact with ash. Wear a disposable face mask and change it frequently. Wear long clothing and goggles.

Seek local advice on recent volcanic activity before hiking or trekking near active volcanoes.

More information:

• Geophysical Institute of Peru Instituto Geofisico del Peru (IGP) (in Spanish)
• Geology, Mineralogy and Metallurgy Institute Instituto Geologico Minero y Metalurigico (INGEMMET) (in Spanish)

Bushfires

Bushfires can occur, especially in the dry season, from June to October. They affect the Andes and the Amazon. They can have an impact on air quality and can disrupt travel and tourist activities.

It is advisable to wear a face mask or to stay inside if the air quality is poor.

Get comprehensive travel insurance before you leave.

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

Confirm:

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. 

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

More information:

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips (Healthdirect Australia)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Peru. Take enough legal medicine for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use only

More information:

• Medication

Altitude sickness

You're at risk of altitude sickness if you travel above 2500m. The risk is greater if your ascent is rapid.

Altitude sickness can be life-threatening and can affect anyone, even if you're healthy.

You're more at risk of altitude sickness if you:

• have had altitude sickness before
• exercise or drink alcohol before you get used to the altitude
• have health problems that affect breathing

Many areas of Peru are above 2500m, including:

• Cuzco
• Colca Canyon
• Puno and Lake Titicaca

See your doctor for specific advice.

Check if your insurance covers emergency evacuation from altitude and related medical costs.

Insect-borne diseases

Peru is currently experiencing a major dengue outbreak. Monitor local media for up-to-date advice on risk levels in particular areas.

Yellow fever is widespread in Peru. Yellow fever is a potentially fatal virus spread by mosquitoes. It's prevented by vaccination. Get vaccinated before you travel.

Zika and oropouche are a risk. If you're pregnant, the Australian Department of Health recommends that you:

• discuss any travel plans with your doctor
• consider deferring non-essential travel to affected areas

Malaria is also a risk in Peru.

To protect yourself from disease:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

Consult your doctor about how to prevent malaria.

Get medical advice if you have a fever, muscle pain, rash or severe headache.

Other health risks

Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic, and other infectious diseases are common. These include:

• cholera
• typhoid
• hepatitis
• tuberculosis
• rabies

Severe outbreaks sometimes occur.

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes
• avoid raw and undercooked food, such as salads
• avoid contact with dogs and other mammals

Medical facilities are adequate in major cities but limited elsewhere.

Doctors and hospitals often require payment before they will treat you, including for emergency care.

If you become seriously ill or injured, you may need to be evacuated to a place with suitable facilities. Medical evacuation can be very expensive.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter. But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Travelling with children

Children under 18 years old travelling on an Australian passport must obtain written permission (Autorización de Viaje Notarial) from the non-travelling parent(s) to leave the country. This applies if they have resident status or have stayed in Peru for over 183 days in one year. For more information, see the Peruvian government's website. 

Drugs

Penalties for drug offences are severe. They include lengthy prison sentences. Prison conditions in Peru are challenging. Don't carry or use illegal drugs.

Trained staff use technology to detect illegal drugs at Lima's International Airport and throughout Peru.

Australians have been jailed for long periods for drug offences.

States of Emergency

Local authorities sometimes invoke a state of emergency. It gives the government special legal powers in response to civil unrest, crime, health concerns or natural disasters. Peru's armed forces can support the Police in the control of law and order. Some civil rights may be suspended and curfews imposed.

If a state of emergency happens in an area you're visiting:

• monitor the media for updates
• follow the advice of local authorities

Information on states of emergency is published in the legal gazette El Peruano official newspaper (in Spanish).

Proof of identity

You must carry photo identification at all times. The Peruvian Police may ask to see it. Failure to show identification may result in detention.

Other laws

It's illegal to photograph military or police sites and personnel.

Indecent behaviour, such as not showing respect at cultural, historical or sacred sites, is against the law. Australians have been detained for this.

It's illegal to export handicrafts or goods of cultural or historical significance. If you want to buy or export copies of these, you'll need permission from Peru's National Institute for Culture. Call +51 1 321 5560.

It's also illegal to export antiques and artefacts from pre-colonial Peru. If you want to buy and export a reproduction, use a reputable dealer with the right documents.

Do not leave Peru with coca leaves, coca tea bags or similar products.

It is illegal to remove certain fauna and flora items from Peru. 

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you’re overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

More information:

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

Peru recognises dual citizenship. You must enter and exit Peru using the same nationality.

More information:

• Dual nationals
• Advice for people travelling with children

Visas

Australian tourists don't need a visa. You can get a permit to stay for up to 90 days when you arrive. The maximum stay permitted is 183 days in one year. If you overstay your permit, you'll have to pay a fine before leaving the country.

In other situations, you'll need to apply for a visa through an embassy or consulate of Peru.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. You can contact the nearest embassy or consulate of Peru for the latest details. They'll tell you about visas, currency, customs and other travel requirements.

Border measures

International airports in Peru will not issue immigration entry or departure stamps. Only digital records will be kept of entry and exit from the country by air.

You can check the number of days you have been granted to stay legally in Peru, on the Peruvian Immigration Office website (in Spanish).

If you enter Peru from Bolivia either by walking or by bus or taxi, you must make sure your passport is stamped with a Peruvian entry stamp at the immigration office in Desaguadero or Copacabana (Puno region). You'll need to go to the immigration checkpoint, as they won't seek you out.

If you enter Peru overland from Ecuador, you must make sure your passport is stamped with a Peruvian entry stamp at the local immigration office. You may need to ask for directions to the immigration office. Most people crossing the border with Ecuador enter Peru through Aguas Verdes (Tumbes region). If your passport is not stamped at the border with Ecuador, you can have it stamped at the Immigration Office in the city of Tumbes.

If you haven't arranged an entry stamp to evidence your entry at land borders or seaports, you'll need to apply for an exit or expulsion order at the Immigration Office in Lima. You won't be allowed to leave Peru without this, and these orders may prevent you from re-entering Peru for up to 10 years.

Only cross the border at official checkpoints.

Ensure you also get an exit stamp from the country you're departing.

Travel via the United States

If you're travelling through the US, you must meet US entry and transit requirements.

Check your visa requirements with a US embassy or consulate well in advance of your travel.

More information:

• Travel advice for the US

Travel via Chile

If you’re travelling via Chile, ensure you meet all current entry or transit requirements.

More information:

• Travel advice for Chile

Travel to Ecuador

If you're entering Ecuador via the land border with Peru, ensure you meet all current entry requirements.

More information:

• Travel advice for Ecuador

Yellow fever vaccination

You may need a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate to enter Peru. Some airlines may want to see one when you leave.

If you've visited Peru in the previous 6 days, you'll need a valid certificate to enter Australia.

Find out about returning to Australia after exposure to yellow fever.